1757-1774 AD TURKEY Sultan Mustafa III Ottoman Empire Silver Piastre Coin i80871

Description

Item:
i80871
Authentic Coin of:
Turkey
under Mustafa III (Sultan: 30 October 1757 - 24 December 1773)
1171 AH
1757-1774 Silver Piastre 39mm (18.89 grams)
Reference: KM# 320
٨٧ ضرب في إسلامبول ١١٧١,Tugra of the Sultan, Dot at the right of tugra.
3 Darebe fi Istambol
You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.
Mustafa III
(/ˈmʊstəfə/; Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى ثالث‎
Muṣṭafā-yi sālis
; 28 January 1717 - 24 December 1773) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1773. He was a son of Sultan Ahmed III (1703-30) and was succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I (1774-89). He was born in Edirne Palace. His mother was Mihrişah Kadın.
Mustafa was born at the Edirne Palace on 28 January 1717. His mother was Mihrişah Kadın. He had a full brother named, Şehzade Süleyman. In 1720, a large fifteen days circumcision ceremony took place for Mustafa, and his brothers, princes Süleyman, Mehmed, and Bayezid.
Reign
Mustafa ascended the throne on 30 October 1757, after the death of his cousin Osman III, the son of Sultan Mustafa II.
Character of Mustafa's rule
Soon after his accession to the throne, Mustafa demonstrated a special care for justice. He took a number of measures to increase prosperity in Istanbul. He regulated coinage, built large grain stores, maintained aqueducts, and established a strict fiscal policy.
Treaty with Prussia
Mustafa much admired the Frederick the Great's generalship, and in 1761 established a peace treaty with Prussia. Frederick wanted an alliance against the Habsburgs, and Mustafa wanted to modernize his state and army. Mustafa preferred recruiting his officers in Berlin, rather than in Paris and London, to re-organize his army. In 1763, the two countries exchanged their diplomats for the first time.
Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774)
Koca Ragıp Pasha, who remained grand vizier until 1763, pursued a peace policy towards neighboring countries. But the increasing influence of Russia over the Caucasus and its intention to control Poland created tension between the Ottomans and Russia. Ragıp Pasha's successor Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha also preferred to remain at peace, and Mustafa's insistence on war with Russia led to his resignation in 1768. The Sultan expected to gain an easy victory over the Russians, but in fact the Ottomans were unprepared for a long war. During the war, military reforms were undertaken, with the assistance of French officer François Baron de Tott. They included the modernization of artillery corps and the foundation of the Naval Engineering School in 1773. The war was disastrous for the Ottoman Empire. The Russian armies occupied the Crimea, Romania and parts of Bulgaria.
Architecture
Many monumental buildings including the Fatih Mosque, which was built by Mehmed the Conqueror was rebuilt from the ground during his reign. In addition, he had built Laleli Mosque complex, and the shore along the Yenikapı filled to set up a new neighborhood. Apart from these, he undertook other construction projects after the earthquakes of 1766-67.
Personal life
Poetry
He was a poet, his poetry being written under the pseudonym of
Cihangir
.
(Ottoman Turkish)
"Yıkılupdur bu cihan sanma ki bizde düzele
Devleti çarh-ı deni verdi kamu müptezele
Şimdi erbab-ı saadette gezen hep hazele
İşimiz kaldı hemen merhamet-i lem yezele."
(Translation)
"This world has ruined, don't even think with us it recovers,
It was the lousy fate that has delivered the power to vulgars,
Now the perfidious ones have populated the Imperial Palace,
It's now the mercy of the everlasting God that runs our business.
Family
Consorts
Mustafa had six consorts:
Habibe Kadın, Baş Kadın;
Mihrişah Sultan (died 16 October 1805, buried in Mihrişah Sultan Mausoleum, Eyüp, Istanbul), Baş Kadın;
Mihrişah Kadın (died 1799, buried in Şah Sultan Mausoleum, Eyüp, Istanbul), İkinci Kadın;
Aynülhayat Kadın (died 21 July 1764, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul), Üçüncü Kadın;
Adilşah Kadın alias Ayşe (died 19 December 1803, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul), Üçüncü Kadın;
Rifat Kadın (died 25 December 1804, buried in Haydarpaşa Cemetery, Istanbul), Dördüncü Kadın;
Sons
Selim III (24 December 1761 - 28 July 1808, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum), with Mihrişah;
Şehzade Sultan Mehmed (10 January 1767 - 12 October 1772, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque Istanbul);
Daughters
Hibetullah Sultan (14 March 1759 - 7 June 1762, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul),
[21]
betrothed on 2 June 1759 to Mahir Hamza Pasha;
Şah Sultan (20 April 1761 - 11 March 1803, buried in Şah Sultan Mausoleum, Eyüp, Istanbul), with Mihrişah, married on 6 November 1778, Damad Seyyid Mustafa Pasha;
Mihrimah Sultan (5 February 1762 - 6 October 1762, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul), with Aynülhayat;
Mihrişah Sultan (9 January 1763 - 21 February 1769, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul);
Beyhan Sultan (13 January 1765 - 7 November 1824, buried in Mihrişah Sultan Mausoleum, Eyüp, Istanbul), with Adilşah, married on 22 April 1784 to Damad Celik Mustafa Pasha;
Hatice Sultan (15 June 1766 - 17 July 1821, buried in Mihrişah Sultan Mausoleum, Eyüp, Istanbul), with Adilşah, married on 10 November 1786 to Damad Seyyid Ahmed Pasha;
Fatma Sultan (9 January 1770 - 26 May 1772, buried in Mustafa III Mausoleum, Laleli Mosque, Istanbul);
Death
Mustafa died of heart attack on 24 December 1773, at the Topkapı Palace, and was buried in his own mausoleum located at Laleli Mosque, Istanbul. He was succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. His death left the empire struggling with economic and administrative problems.
Turkey
, officially the
Republic of Turkey
(Turkish:
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
(help·info); pronounced [ˈtyɾcije d͡ʒumˈhuɾijeti]), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries with Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The country is encircled by seas on three sides with the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia and separate Europe and Asia. Ankara is the capital while Istanbul is the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Approximately 70-80% of the country's citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks. Kurds are the largest minority at about 20% of the population, and other ethnic minorities include Circassians, Albanians, Arabs, Bosniaks and Laz. Minority languages spoken today in Turkey include Kurmanji, Arabic, Zaza, Kabardian and several others.
The area of Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic age by various ancient Anatolian civilisations, as well as Assyrians, Greeks, Thracians, Phrygians, Urartians and Armenians. After Alexander the Great conquered these lands, the area was Hellenized, a process which continued under the Roman Empire and its transition into the Byzantine Empire. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century, and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolizes the start of Turkification in Anatolia. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish beyliks.
From the end of the 13th century the Ottomans started uniting Turkish principalities in Anatolia and then went on to create an empire that encompassed much of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North Africa. The Ottoman Empire became a world power beginning with the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent in the early modern period. It remained powerful and influential for two more centuries, until important setbacks in the 18th and 19th century forced it to cede strategic territories in Europe, which signalled the loss of its former military strength and wealth. After the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, which effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire decided to join the Central Powers during World War I. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. Following the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that formerly comprised the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues against occupying Allies, resulted in the abolition of monarchy in 1922 and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Atatürk as its first president. Atatürk enacted numerous reforms, many of which incorporated various aspects of western thought, philosophy, and customs into the new form of Turkish government.
Turkey is a charter member of the UN, an early member of NATO, the IMF and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC and G-20. After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005 which have been effectively stopped by the EU in 2017 due to "Turkey's path toward autocratic rule". Turkey's economy and diplomatic initiatives led to its recognition as a regional power while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.
Turkey is a secular, unitary, parliamentary republic; slated to transition to a presidential system in 2019, following a 2017 referendum. However, Turkey's current administration headed by president Tayyip Erdoğan of the AKP has enacted measures to increase the influence of Islam, reversed and undermined secularist policies, and has reversed earlier reforms such as Freedom of the Press.
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